Debouncing and throttling improve application performance by setting limits on how often a function is executed. These techniques are essential for managing "noisy" events—actions that trigger rapidly, such as scrolling or typing—to avoid excessive code execution or unnecessary network requests. Key Differences Debounce: Waits until activity stops for a specific duration before running the function. If a new event occurs during the wait time, the timer resets. Throttle: Ensures a function runs at most once every specified time interval, regardless of how many times the event is triggered. Debounce The Goal: Delay execution until the user has finished (or paused) an action. Use Cases Search Bars: Prevent a data-fetch request on every single keystroke. Form Validation: Wait until a user finishes typing an email address before showing an error message.